GMAT语法常见考点分析介绍 单复数一致问题如何应对？

2021年04月29日11:51 来源：小站整理

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GMAT语法中的一致性问题是比较高频的考点，也常有考生因为对这个问题不够重视而引发各类错误。为了避免大家在这个考点上扣分，下面小编就来浅析GMAT语法SC中有关一致性的8大常见考点。

GMAT语法一致性问题详解

所谓语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。这个考点光从字面上来看貌似十分简单，但涉及到具体题目中却往往会成为扣分杀手。具体来说，在GMAT语法中有关一致性的具体考点主要有以下8种：

1. 主谓语单复数一致性

以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。

如：His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.

注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.

2. 合成主语必须用复数形式

由连接词and或both …… and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。

如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.

注意：(1)若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如：The writer and artist has come. (2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no， each， every more than a (an) ， many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it.

3. 名词或代词短语不影响单复数形式

主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with， together with， except， but， like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides， including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。

如：Mr. Green， together with his wife and children， has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She， like you and Tom， is very tall.

4. 复合不定代词如何判断单复数？

either， neither， each， every 或no +单数名词和由some， any， no， every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。

如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.

注意：(1)在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词(或代词)”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. (2)若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数;若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如：None of us has (have) been to America.

5. 关系代词做主语时的单复数问题

在定语从句时，关系代词that， who， which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。

如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.

6. 集体名词单复数使用差异

如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family， class， crowd， committee， population， audience等。

如：Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.

注意：people， police， cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child.

7. 数量词构成短语的单复数用法

由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。

如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.

注意：a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数;the number of“……的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。

8. 倒装句中的动词单复数问题

在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：There comes the bus. / On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.

总而言之，一致性问题作为GMAT语法SC的主要考点，还是值得考生投入一些时间精力认真备考的，希望上文提到的这些一致性相关考点，大家能够有所了解，提前做好准备，以确保语法部分的顺利得分。