GMAT语法快速排除选项必备技巧讲解 从一致性角度入手是捷径
- 2017年03月07日15:00 来源：小站整理
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GMAT语法中一致性问题作为SC部分比较高频的考点，其实大多数情况下并非能够帮助考生做出最终决定的考点，而往往是大家用来快速排除选项缩小选择范围的突破口。因此考生如果追求解题效率和速度，就必须对这个语法点的使用技巧有充分了解。下面小编就为大家做详细介绍。GMAT背单词从简单认识到熟练运用要有侧重点
GMAT语法一致性考点简介
所谓语法一致性就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。这个考点光从字面上来看貌似十分简单，但涉及到具体题目中却往往会成为突破关键。具体来说，在GMAT语法中有关一致性的具体考点主要有以下8种：
1. 主语谓语单复数一致
以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.
2. 合成主语用复数
由连接词and或both …… and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。
如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
注意：(1)若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如：The writer and artist has come. (2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no， each， every more than a (an) ， many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it.
3. 短语不影响单复数形式
主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with， together with， except， but， like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides， including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。
如：Mr. Green， together with his wife and children， has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She， like you and Tom， is very tall.
4. 复合不定代词的单复数判定
either， neither， each， every 或no +单数名词和由some， any， no， every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。
如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.
注意：(1)在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词(或代词)”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. (2)若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数;若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如：None of us has (have) been to America.
5. 关系代词做主语的单复数一致
在定语从句时，关系代词that， who， which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
6. 集体名词单复数使用区别
如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family， class， crowd， committee， population， audience等。
如：Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.
注意：people， police， cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child.
7. 数量词构成短语注意单复数用法
由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。
如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.
注意：a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数;the number of“……的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。
8. 倒装句中动词单复数问题
在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：There comes the bus. / On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.
假如考生能够对上文提到的这8种涉及到GMAT语法一致性的具体问题有充分了解和掌握，那么想要迅速解决一些语法难题或者缩小选项范围排除大部分错误选项就不会太过困难了。
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