【改错精选120练】GMAT官方讲解SC难点实例分析（一百练）
- 2015年06月15日15:53 来源：小站整理
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GMAT句子改错题(sentence correction)，是整个GMAT考试中对考生英语语法能力考查要求最高的题型，也往往是中国学生最为头疼的一类题目。没有扎实的语法基础和一定的逻辑分析能力，想要做好句子改错题难度极高。如何提升GMAT句子改错题的解题能力?下面小编就为大家整理了一些经典例题，结合实例分析为大家讲解GMAT句子改错题的解题思路和方法技巧。
实例题目：
Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.
(A) Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.
(B) An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that worked well in the past, makes missing signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting ones likely when they do appear.
(C) An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action is likely to miss or misinterpret signs of incipient trouble when they do appear, especially if it has worked well in the past.
(D) Executives’ being heavily committed to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes them likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting them when they do appear.
(E) Being heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that has worked well in the past, is likely to make an executive miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.
选项分析：
(A)Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.
【错误1】 代词指代：在GMAT考察的标准书面英语中，代词出现在主语位置时，如果可能，则优先指代相邻主谓结构的主语(即“平行指代”优先)。因此“it has worked well in the past”中的“it”语法上优先指代“Heavy commitment”。而其本意上指代“a course of action”，因此指代不明。
【错误2】 句子意思：“makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble……”本意上用“it”作形式宾语指代“to miss……”，但根据“make sb. Likely to do sth.”的用法，这里“it”也有指代“heavy commitment”，使“makes it likely to miss signs……”表达“使得过度投入更有可能所过未来问题的信号……”的含义。因此存在歧义。
(B)An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that worked well in the past, makes missing signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting ones likely when they do appear.
【错误】 句子意思：语法上无法明确“missing signs of incipient trouble……”动作的发出者，也就是逻辑主语是谁，因此表
意没有(E)准确。(E)中“……is likely to make an executive miss signs of incipient trouble……”则能明确表现出“miss signs……”是“executive”发出的动作。
(C)An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action is likely to miss or misinterpret signs of incipient trouble when they do appear, especially if it has worked well in the past.
【错误】 代词指代：“it has worked well in the past”中的代词“it”本意上指代“a course of action”，但语法上，“it”不存在平行指代的对象，因此应尽可呢遵循“就近指代”原则，即指代与“it”较近的指代对象，“a course of action”无疑比“incipient trouble”举例“it”更远，因此“it”语法上不能明确地指代“a course of action”，指代不明。
(D)Executives' being heavily committed to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes them likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting them when they do appear.
【错误】 代词指代：在GMAT考察的标准书面英语中，同类代词在句子中反复出现是理应指代同物(人)否则指代不明，而本选项有两个“them”和一个“they”。本意上，第一个“them”指代“Executives”，第二个“them”和“they”指代“signs”，因此指代不明。
(E)Being heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that has worked well in the past, is likely to make an executive miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.
【正确】 动名词短语“Being heavily committed to a course of action”是主句的主语，其谓语为“is likely to……”。不定代词“one”(不定代词在语法规则中不按代词进行讨论，因此不存在指代问题)根据语义判断指代“a course of action”，根据固定搭配“make sb. do sth.”的用法可以明确判断出“miss signs……”的逻辑主语为“an executive”表意准确。
【大意】 过度投入到一系列行动中，尤其是一系列过去已经奏效的行动，可能会使一个经理人错过未来麻烦的信号，或在信号出现时误读它们。
解题思路：
(A)、(C)、(D)均存在“指代不明”的问题，相比(E)的代词使用表意不佳。
而(B)中“makes missing signs of incipient trouble……”的语义没有(E)中“make an executive miss signs of incipient trouble……”准确。
因此虽然(E)中存在“Being heavily committed”这样看起来不太简洁的结构，但由于其他选项均存在更加严重的语法、语义错误，所以根据先判断语法错误，再判断语义错误，最后讨论简洁性问题的原则，我们只能选择相对不简洁但语法正确、表意合理的(E)。
