做好GMAT数学统计题从认识这些专业词汇开始

2015年02月20日11:23 来源：小站整理: 参与（0）阅读（3281）

摘要：本文介绍GMAT考试中统计类的专用词汇。这些词汇在其他考试部分见不着，如果掌握不到位就可能导致理解上的偏差。

GMAT数学基础词汇中，有一类词汇比较特殊，数量不多，但往往都是特殊词汇，不是太好理解，那么我们该如何来背诵这些GMAT数学有关的统计基础词汇呢?

1.平均数(average or arithmetic mean.

2.中数(median)

To calculate the median of n numbers，first order the numbers from least to greatest;if n is odd，the median is defined as the middle number，while if n is even，the median is defined as the average of the two middle numbers. For the data 6, 4, 7, 10, 4, the numbers, in order, are 4, 4, 6, 7, 10, and the median is 6, the middle number. For the numbers 4, 6, 6, 8, 9, 12, the median is (6+8 )/2 = 7. Note that the mean of these numbers is 7.5

3.众数(mode)：一组数中的众数是指出现频率最高的数。

例：the mode of 7，9，6，7，2，1 is 7。

4.值域(range)：表明数的分布的量，其被定义为最大值减最小值的差。

例：the range of–1，7，27，27，36 is 36-(-1)= 37。

5.标准方差(standard deviation)：

One of the most common measures of dispersion is the standard deviation. Generally speaking, the greater the data are spread away from the mean, the greater the standard deviation. The standard deviation of n numbers can be calculated as follows:

(1)find the arithmetic mean

(2)find the differences between the mean and each of the n numbers

(3)square each of the differences

(4)find the average of the squared differences

(5)take the nonnegative square root of this average.

Notice that the standard deviation depends on every data value, although it depends most on values that are farthest from the mean. This is why a distribution with data grouped closely around the mean will have a smaller standard deviation than data spread far from the mean.

GMAT数学的基本概念，其实没有想象中那么复杂和混乱。可以根据归类的GMAT数学基本概念词汇，加以复习和记忆。值得注意的是，GMAT数学的基本概念，最忌讳的是死记硬背，最好采用理解式记忆法，基本概念就能轻松搞定。