【改错精选120练】GMAT官方讲解SC难点实例分析(一百零二练)
- 2015年06月16日16:36 来源:小站整理
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GMAT句子改错题(sentence correction),是整个GMAT考试中对考生英语语法能力考查要求最高的题型,也往往是中国学生最为头疼的一类题目。没有扎实的语法基础和一定的逻辑分析能力,想要做好句子改错题难度极高。如何提升GMAT句子改错题的解题能力?下面小编就为大家整理了一些经典例题,结合实例分析为大家讲解GMAT句子改错题的解题思路和方法技巧。
实例题目:
Yellow jackets number among the 900 or so species of the world’s social wasps, wasps living in a highly cooperative and organized society where they consist almost entirely of females—the queen and her sterile female workers.
(A) wasps living in a highly cooperative and organized society where they consist almost entirely of
(B) wasps that live in a highly cooperative and organized society consisting almost entirely of
(C) which means they live in a highly cooperative and organized society, almost all
(D) which means that their society is highly cooperative, organized, and it is almost entirely
(E) living in a society that is highly cooperative, organized, and it consists of almost all
选项分析:
(A)wasps living in a highly cooperative and organized society where they consist almost entirely of
【错误】 句子意思:根据日常逻辑“consist”合理的主语应为“society”,表意为“黄蜂社会主要有雌蜂组成”。但“they consist almost entirely of females”中“they”无法指代“society”,只能指代“wasps(黄蜂)”,但“黄蜂”并不是由“雌蜂”组成的——“黄蜂”(即使是复数)只能由黄蜂头、黄蜂腹部、黄蜂翅膀等“组成”,不能由雌蜂“组成”。
(B)wasps that live in a highly cooperative and organized society consisting almost entirely of
【正确】 “that”引导的定语从句修饰了“wasps”,而这个“wasps”又进一步作同位语修饰“the world's social wasps”,修饰关系明确合理。
【大意】 小黄蜂名列世界900多种社会性黄蜂,生活在一个高度合作的、有组织的主要由雌性——蜂后和不育的雌工蜂组成的社会中的黄蜂。
(C)which means they live in a highly cooperative and organized society, almost all
【错误1】 修饰成分:从句“which means……”本意想修饰“Yellow jackets number among the 900 or so species of the world's social wasps”整个主谓结构。但在GMAT考察的标准书面英语中,“which”只能引导修饰某个名词性结构的定语从句,而不能修饰整个主谓结构。
【错误2】 修饰成分:“almost all females”是一个名词性结构,但并不是主谓结构的一部分,因此只能是一个修饰语,但其修饰对象并不明确,是一个孤立的名词性结构。
(D)which means that their society is highly cooperative, organized, and it is almost entirely
【错误1】 修饰成分:见(C)中“修饰成分”第一项。
【错误2】 句子意思:“it is almost entirely females”中“it”指代“society”,但“社会”无法是“雌蜂”,而只能是“雌蜂的社会(society of females)”,因此表意不合理。
(E)living in a society that is highly cooperative, organized, and it consists of almost all
【错误】 平行结构:“it consists of almost all females”并不应是一个和主句之间用“and”连接的平行对象,因为它与主句含义并不对等,实际上,其表述的内容应作为与“cooperative, organized”平行,共同修饰“society”的修饰成分。
解题思路:
“which means……”不能修饰整个主谓结构,立即排除(C)、(D)。
(E)中“and”连接的结构逻辑含义上不对等,排除。
对比(A)、(B),(A)的表意逊于(B),因此选择(B)。