GMAT短篇阅读简单好做白送分？没有技巧照样虐得你哭爹喊娘

2016年06月24日13:23 来源：小站教育作者：orangejojo

参与（3） 阅读（4787）

如果要考生选择GMAT语文部分中相对来说最容易的题型，相信不少考生都会选择短篇阅读。的确，短篇阅读文章段题目少，做题效率哪怕比起不少语法题也算是比较高的。但如果就因此把短篇阅读当成送分的题目不重视解题技巧，也难保不会阴沟里翻船。下面小编就为大家介绍一些值得考生注意的GMAT短篇阅读解题技巧。GMAT阅读看不懂生词怎么办？5大技巧助你克服词汇难关巧做题

GMAT短篇阅读基础知识

GMAT语文部分考察三大题型，其中之一就是阅读。而阅读部分则又可以细分为长篇阅读和短篇阅读两类。长篇阅读文章大多在400词以上，每篇文章都会配以4道题目。短篇阅读则大多在250词左右，每篇文章配以1-2题。美国名师推荐GMAT阅读必备课外书单

从题目数量和占分比例上来说，GMAT语文部分总计41道题，其中阅读所占题数大约在13题左右，而长篇阅读固定为1篇，因此，短篇阅读题目大约在8道左右，一般一场考试中会出现4-5篇短篇阅读。可以说所占据的分数比例还是比较高的。

GMAT短篇阅读解题技巧介绍

接下来，小编就为大家介绍一下GMAT短篇阅读的三个重要解题技巧。

1. 一段式文章句首重点

一般来说，GMAT短篇阅读文章的呈现形式有两种，一种是一段式的文章，另一种则分成两段。对于一段式的文章来说，想要快速读完全文找到重点，考生就必须把注意力集中在文章的段首部分。这是因为整篇文章的核心基本都会出现在文章前三句里。而短篇文章中不少题目为主旨题，只要考生能够找到中心句，那么即使不读完全文也能迅速解题。

2. 二段式文章看结构

比起一段式文章，短篇阅读的两段式文章需要关注的就不只是句首部分了。考生需要额外注意两个段落之间的衔接部分，各种承接上下关系的连接词和句子结构都有可能成为解题的关键。这是因为两段式文章段落间一般都会存在逻辑关系，题目出题也大多围绕这个考点进行，因此搞清楚段落结构对于考生来说是非常重要的。

3. 注意细节做笔记

虽然短篇阅读文章看似很容易看完，内容也不太多，但考生并不能就因此忽视做笔记的工作。所谓麻雀虽小五脏俱全，对于短篇文章也是如此。某些短篇文章里提到的各类细节有时候甚至可能比长篇阅读还要多，因此，勤记笔记才能保证考生更好地定位细节，应对各类关于细节考点的问题。

GMAT短篇阅读真题实例讲解

下面小编就结合两篇最新的GMAT短篇阅读真题来为大家做讲解分析。

1. Eco efficiency (measures to minimize environmental impact through the reduction or elimination of waste from production processes) has become a goal for companies worldwide, with many realizing significant cost savings from such innovations. Peter Senge and Goran Carstedt see this development as laudable but suggest that simply adopting eco efficiency innovations could actually worsen environmental stresses in the future. Such innovations reduce production waste but do not alter the number of products manufactured nor the waste generated from their use and discard; indeed, most companies invest in eco efficiency improvements in order to increase profits and growth. Moreover, there is no guarantee that increased economic growth from eco efficiency will come in similarly eco efficient ways, since in today’s global markets, greater profits may be turned into investment capital that could easily be reinvested in old-style eco-inefficient industries. Even a vastly more eco efficient industrial system could, were it to grow much larger, generate more total waste and destroy more habitat and species than would a smaller, less eco efficient economy. Senge and Carstedt argue that to preserve the global environment and sustain economic growth, businesses must develop a new systemic approach that reduces total material use and total accumulated waste. Focusing exclusively on eco efficiency, which offers a compelling business case according to established thinking, may distract companies from pursuing radically different products and business models.

The primary purpose of the passage is to

A explain why a particular business strategy has been less successful than was once anticipated

B propose an alternative to a particular business strategy that has inadvertently caused ecological damage

C present a concern about the possible consequences of pursuing a particular business strategy

D make a case for applying a particular business strategy on a larger scale than is currently practiced

E suggest several possible outcomes of companies’ failure to understand the economic impact of a particular business strategy

正确答案

C

题目解析

这是一道最基础的短篇阅读，文章为一段式，题目也只有一道，根据选项分析可以看出：

A 文章从没说这个经济策略是否会成功，也没预测过。

B 但是没有这样一个方法实际上被提出。

C line5-7和最后一句话 ，提出建议只是在关心的基础之上，总体还是讲对这个特殊的经济策略的关心。因此选C

D 文章指出了这个策略的缺陷，并没有支持这种策略的扩张。

E 文章关心的是环境的影响，并不关心经济的影响。

2. During the nineteenth century, occupational information about women that was provided by the United States census-a population count conducted each decade-became more detailed and precise in response to social changes. Through 1840, simple enumeration by household mirrored a home-based agricultural economy and hierarchical social order: the head of the household (presumed male or absent) was specified by name, whereas other household members were only indicated by the total number of persons counted in various categories, including occupational categories. Like farms, most enterprises were family-run, so that the census measured economic activity as an attribute of the entire household, rather than of individuals.

The 1850 census, partly responding to antislavery and women's rights movements, initiated the collection of specific information about each individual in a household. Not until 1870 was occupational information analyzed by gender: the census superintendent reported 1.8 million women employed outside the home in "gainful and reputable occupations". In addition, he arbitrarily attributed to each family one woman "keeping house". Overlap between the two groups was not calculated until 1890, when the rapid entry of women into the paid labor force and social issues arising from industrialization were causing women's advocates and women statisticians to press for more thorough and accurate accounting of women's occupations and wages.

1. It can be inferred from the passage that the 1840 United States census provided a count of which of the following?

A Women who worked exclusively in the home

B People engaged in nonfarming occupations

C People engaged in social movements

D Women engaged in family-run enterprises

E Men engaged in agriculture

2. Each of the following aspects of nineteenth-century United States censuses is mentioned in the passage EXCEPT the

A year in which data on occupations began to be analyzed by gender

B year in which specific information began to be collected on individuals in addition to the head of the household

C year in which overlap between women employed outside the home and women keeping house was first calculated

D way in which the 1890 census measured women’s income levels and educational backgrounds

E way in which household members were counted in the 1840 census

正确答案：

B D

题目解析：

这篇文章则是短篇阅读中标准的二段式文章，附带两道题目。

第一题：

考点：主旨(Main idea)

旨在考察我们对文章整体的把握程度，对文章的结构的分析能力和把控能力，以及对作者逻辑的判断。

选项分析：

(A) 解释和批判统计学家统计的方法。作者采取的是陈述方法，或是描述。不带有明显的个人主观色彩。

(B) 比较历史的一个情形和现在的一个情形。文中讲述的都是19世纪的职业信息情况，没有和现在联系起来。

(C) Correct。描述和解释一个历史上的变化。文章第一句就提到了，什么什么是为了应对或回应“social change” 这必然是一个历史性的“change”。作者写这篇文章的主要意思即是要展示和描述这个逐步完善的职业信息的过程。此作者不带有明显的个人意见，而是以描述为主。

(D) 讨论历史上对一个已有制度异议。作者并没有讨论一个已有制度。

(E) 追溯一个争论的起源。文章中并没有什么争论，而是一项信息的逐步完善的过程。

第二题：

考点：支持主题(Supporting ideas)

旨在考察我们对文章细节的认知。

因为文中所讨论的年份是1840~1890，都属于19世纪，所以该题目的细节几乎涉及整篇文章。定位比较困难，如果一定要定位，可以定位在第一句以后的整篇文章。注意题目问的是“except”

选项分析：

(A) 职业数据开始被按性别来分析的年份。原文第二段找到此句“Not until 1870 was occupational information analyzed by gender:”。

(B) 除掉每个家庭的首脑的具体信息外开始编写每个人的具体信息的年份。原文第二段第一句“The 1850 census initiated the collection of specific information about each individual in a household. ”。

(C) 第一次计算两类人(在家的女人和在外工作的女人)重叠部分信息的年份。因为“census superintendent”是任意指定的一名在家的女人，所以很有可能这个女人其实是在外工作的，所以这两类人有重叠部分。原文第二段找到此句“Overlap between the two groups was not calculated until 1890”。

(D) Correct。1890年人口普查测定收入和教育背景的方法。原文中没有提到测定收入一说，更没有提到教育背景。

(E) 1840年的普查计算家庭成员的方法。原文第一段第二句解释了计算的方法(simple enumeration)。第三句还有个例子。

通过上面两道真题分析，相信大家也对短篇阅读的解题技巧有了一定了解，小编希望本文内容，能够帮助大家树立对于GMAT短篇阅读的正确认识，通过学习解题技巧做好GMAT短篇阅读，确保高分不失。

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