第一段 :
选择1
In the argument, the author concludes that … To support his conclusion, the author cites the study indicating that …/the author points out/reasons that … In addition, the author mentions (the evidence) that … Based on this evidence, the author further recommends that …(subjunctive动词原形)/recommends …(doing). At first glance, the analysis appears thorough and compelling. However, a close/careful examination reveals various logical flaws which render the author’s line of reasoning questionable.
选择2
… (陈述同选择1) After a careful examination, I find that the argument, apparently compelling, is not well supported by the evidence.
最后一段：
选择1
By way of conclusion, it seems that the author’s conclusion that … is seriously undermined by the (numerous) flaws in his reasoning identified above. To substantiate/strengthen the argument, the author would have to provide clear/concrete/solid/credible evidence that … In addition, the author should take into consideration that … Unless these key issues are properly addressed, the argument isn’t sound and convincing.
选择2
To sum up, it is imprudent for the author to draw the conclusion that … solely on the basis of the evidence presented, which is insufficient to lend strong support to what the author claims.// It is clear that the author fails to provide more credible evidence to support his conclusion that … To make this analysis more thorough, the author must firstly investigate … (sth.) and then provide evidence that (1) … , and (2) … To better assess/evaluate the argument, I would also need to know whether …
各种推理错误：
A. 错误地认定某趋势会一直延续下去
In the argument, the authors stated that … Although the trend/tendency cited in the study has remained stable for the past 10 years, there is no guarantee that it/the same trend will continue over the next 20 years. The study’s results can hardly be used to predict the future. It is entirely possible/very likely that … If that is the case, … Thus the credibility of the author’s assertion is called into question.
Even if the trend given in the argument will be true over the next 20 years, /Even if we grant the preceding assumption that … , /Even supposing that the same trend will continue over the next 20 years, ……
B. 错误地认为某一事物的程度大到足以引起某些变化
The author attributes … to the fact that … However, this line of reasoning is problematic, since no evidence is provided concerning the extent/degree to which … Perhaps … Or it is possible that … Either of these scenarios, if true, will render this connection worthless/doubtful.
C. 错误地认为X就是由Y引起的，忽视了其他可能原因
In the argument, the author ascribes X to the fact that/claims that … However, it is not necessarily the case. This alone does not constitute a logical argument in favor of …// Many other factors may equally contribute to the results/could bring out the same results/may account for/affect ... // While … is one way to achieve the results, it is by no means the only way. For instance, … The argument is unsound/unwarranted until such possibilities are taken into account/considered and ruled out. // Without solid evidence linking X to Y, it is presumptuous to suggest that Y is totally responsible for these results.
D. 错误地认为Y发生在X前，X就是Y引起的;错误地将同时发生的X与Y认为成由因果联系
To begin with, the author unfairly assumes that … is the cause of sth. cited. The sequence of these events, by themselves, is not sufficient to demonstrate that the former causes the latter because a chronological relationship is only one of the indicators of a causal relationship between two events./ However, the mere fact that … precedes … is insufficient to conclude that it causes these events. Perhaps … Moreover, … may not necessarily indicate that … It is also highly possible that … No additional evidence linking … and … is offered in the argument, making for the possibility that these events are not causally related but merely coincident.
E. 错误的一概适用/横向对比
Even if … it does not follow that … According to the author, X is analogous to Y in all respects. A thorough analysis reveals, however, that the differences between X and Y outweigh the similarities, thus making the analogy less than valid. For example, … affect X’s results but are virtually absent in Y. These differences may weaken a conclusion based on the analogy between X and Y /weaken the conclusion that X will suffer from the same fate as Y is.
F. 错误地由某些原则/理论推出某一事物应该被重视、被选择
Finally, even if … will be true/ is guaranteed, it doesn’t stand that … should/will … The author unfairly applies the general principle to a specific field/industry. What if … Lacking information about …, it is imprudent for the author to assert that …
G. 错误地从某一数据/样本中得出结论
… the statistics cited in support of the final conclusion that … could be misleading. Although …, …might spend more in terms of the actual amount. Therefore there is no way to …
【percentage≠the actual amount】【sales≠profits】
H. 无端假设
Most conspicuously, the argument rests on the gratuitous assumption that… This assumption is weak, since no evidence is presented to establish that … (opposing possibilities) // This assumption is dubious in two aspects. For one thing, … For another, …
